As the country vigorously promotes new energy vehicles, new energy vehicles are becoming more and more popular, and the market share is also increasing. Many consumers have bought their own new energy vehicles. As a new thing, it is still very different from fuel vehicles. Today, let's talk about the driving methods, use, storage skills and precautions of new energy vehicles for your reference.
Electric vehicle driving method
Currently, most electric vehicles have five gears: D, N, P, R, E (E1, 2, 3). D is the forward gear, N is the neutral gear, which is used when starting and stopping; P is the parking gear; R is the reverse gear; E is the energy-saving gear, which is used for forward movement like the D gear, and can automatically recover the energy during braking and deceleration, making the electric vehicle's cruising range extended by about 20%.
1. Start the vehicle, turn the key to the "ON" position, the instrument background lights will all light up, and the low voltage will be connected; then turn the key to the "Start" position, you will hear a "beep" sound, and you can hear the "click" sound of the relay in the battery pack closing twice, the battery pack high voltage is connected, the instrument panel displays the "READY" green light, and the vehicle enters the driving state.
Note: If you encounter an electric car like Tesla that is not started by a regular key switch, you only need to lightly step on the brake, the car will be powered on and started, and then you can go directly after shifting the gear, because Tesla does not have a special "handbrake", and shifting to the "P" position is equivalent to pulling the handbrake.
2. Release the handbrake, put the shift control mechanism handle in the "D" position, and lightly step on the electronic accelerator pedal with your right foot, and the vehicle will start to drive.
3. If you need to brake, step on the brake pedal with your right foot to complete the braking.
4. If you need to accelerate, use your right foot to evenly force and gradually step on the electronic accelerator pedal, and the vehicle will start to accelerate; if you keep driving at a constant speed, keep the electronic accelerator pedal at a certain opening.
5. If you need to reverse, first turn the gearshift control mechanism handle to N gear, and then turn the gearshift control mechanism handle to "R" gear after the vehicle stops to complete the reverse.
Electric vehicle driving power saving skills
1. Use economical speed as much as possible
In fact, electric vehicles, like gasoline vehicles, also have the most economical driving speed. The "maximum cruising range" given in the general manufacturer's configuration table is the speed at a relatively economical speed, maintaining a constant speed. Keeping the electric vehicle within the economic speed range as much as possible when driving can effectively extend the cruising range. Under safe driving conditions, try to maintain a medium speed of 60-80 miles. When waiting for a red light, shift the gear to N.
2. Brake less and accelerate slowly
Lightly press the accelerator and start slowly. When using the car normally, you must develop the habit of lightly pressing the accelerator and starting slowly.
Choose a small throttle to start and medium throttle acceleration, avoid pressing the accelerator hard at the traffic light, and then emergency braking when approaching the car in front. This driving consumes a lot of energy and is very dangerous, while gentle driving can improve energy economy by about 20%.
Deal with various situations in advance, use the brakes as little as possible, and minimize emergency braking to prevent the wheels from locking and causing tail swinging and side sliding. Take predictive braking. When it is expected that you must slow down or stop, you should reduce the throttle in advance to decelerate by sliding. After the situation is handled, accelerate forward. This is both safe and energy-saving.
3. Use air conditioning reasonably and control tire pressure
The operating temperature of the air conditioner is generally controlled at 25℃. When the temperature is not high, use the ventilation function more often. Try not to turn on the air conditioner when driving in the city. It is better to turn on the air conditioner than the window when driving at high speed.
Check the tire pressure frequently and maintain the proper tire pressure level of the vehicle. Hard and soft tires will affect power consumption to a certain extent. Tire pressure that is 20% lower than normal will increase power consumption by 8%. Higher pressure will reduce consumption, but the tire life will be shortened and the adhesion will be reduced.
4. Quickly release the throttle to slide
Pure electric vehicles have the "energy recovery" performance that traditional vehicles cannot achieve. After the acceleration, quickly lift the throttle, which will not waste energy, but will also recover energy, charge the battery, and replenish power.
When the car is driving, completely retract the accelerator and continue to drive by relying on the car's kinetic energy (inertia) or potential energy when going downhill. It must be noted that the car cannot be turned off when coasting, and the speed must not exceed 40 miles to ensure driving safety.
5. Correctly use E gear to increase the cruising range
It is necessary to select the E gear and the appropriate recovery force according to different road conditions to match the driving state of the vehicle. Only in this way can we better save electricity and improve the cruising range. For example, on a ring road with smooth road conditions, the car should be driven as smoothly as possible. At this time, the recovery force needs to be adjusted to the minimum (E1); when the road conditions are complex and frequent starting and braking are required, the recovery force is adjusted to the maximum (E3) to reduce the braking burden and recover as much kinetic energy as possible.
6. Reduce unnecessary items in the car
Carry out 5S management of the trunk, and unnecessary sundries, bulky objects, etc. should be cleaned up in time. The increase in friction caused by the increase in vehicle weight will not significantly increase power consumption. However, during the start and acceleration process, if the load is heavy, it will indeed increase power consumption, thereby affecting the vehicle's cruising range.
Safety precautions when using electric vehicles
First, carefully read the "User Manual" of the electric vehicle. This is a special configuration of the electric vehicle. There are detailed instructions on the precautions for driving and using the vehicle, and how to deal with problems.
Secondly, it is necessary to understand that electric vehicles are very different from traditional fuel vehicles, including the particularity of driving methods and maintenance. Electric vehicles cannot be treated in the same way as fuel vehicles. For example: electric vehicles make very little noise when driving, so you should pay more attention when encountering pedestrians; electric vehicles are more afraid of water, so you should pay more attention when using them in rainy and snowy weather.
Third, pay attention to the driving range, power performance, etc. from the dashboard. If you feel abnormal phenomena, such as a sudden reduction in driving range and weakened power performance, you should go to the 4S store for inspection in time.
Precautions for starting and driving electric vehicles
When starting and driving electric vehicles, you must pay attention to the differences between them and fuel vehicles. There are three specific points to note:
1) Silent start of electric vehicles: When the driver turns the key to the start position or presses the start button, the electric vehicle is silent, and the motor does not start running. As long as the driver does not step on the accelerator pedal, the motor will not start working. This is different from fuel vehicles. When you turn the key to the start gear or press the start button, the engine starts running and makes a sound.
2) Electric vehicles move forward quietly: When electric vehicles are driving, or plug-in hybrid vehicles are driving in pure electric mode, the sound of the car is very small. However, domestic traffic is extremely complex, and there are many mixed roads. Therefore, when you encounter pedestrians, cyclists, etc., you should try to stay away from them. If necessary, you can honk the horn to signal.
3) Electric vehicles accelerate lightly and brake slowly: The initial torque of the motor is the maximum, so there is no need to step on the accelerator pedal when starting or accelerating, otherwise it will only be counterproductive and waste electricity; when you need to slow down, don’t rush to step on the brake pedal. You can make full use of the brake energy recovery system to let the motor drag the vehicle back to slow down. First, it is safer, and second, it can charge the power battery.
Precautions for traveling on rainy days
1. The wading depth should not exceed the wading depth required in the "User Manual". Generally, the wading depth is required to be no more than 15cm. In heavy rain or rainstorm weather, try to reduce travel when the water on the road exceeds 15cm to prevent the water from flooding the bottom of the power battery box. If the water is too deep and exceeds the height of the power battery box, the battery will be flooded and unable to drive, which will cause power battery failure. In case of severe water inflow, the battery may be damaged.
2. Be sure to fully understand the road conditions before wading, reduce the speed to 20Km/H, and prevent the vehicle from skidding and causing accidents.
Precautions for parking new energy vehicles
1. New energy vehicles are afraid of sun exposure, because this will cause the internal pressure of the battery to increase, thereby affecting the battery life. Too cold temperature will affect the battery activity and reduce the cruising range.
2. When the vehicle is not used for a long time, the battery should be charged to 40%-60% to protect the battery, so that when we drive again, the battery will be in a healthy state. If the battery of the vehicle is in a low-power state when it is parked for a long time, it is easy to cause battery damage.
3. In the long-term low temperature season, try to park the vehicle in a garage with a higher temperature, or take certain warming and antifreeze measures, such as covering it with a warm tarpaulin to increase battery activity.
Daily maintenance of electric vehicles
1. When performing daily exterior maintenance and cabin cleaning of the vehicle, the ignition switch should be turned off first and the key should be removed. When wiping, do not use a damp rag to touch high-voltage components, such as chargers, high-voltage control plugs, and high-voltage wiring harness plugs. When it is necessary to clean, it should be done 10 minutes after turning off the ignition switch, and try to wipe with one hand.
2. When washing the car, using a high-pressure water gun to wash the surface of the car body, rims, and tires will not cause electric shock, leakage, and other problems, but because the fast charging port of many electric vehicles is installed at the front grille, therefore, when washing the car, you should try to avoid using a high-pressure water gun to flush the front grille directly. The power battery is installed at the bottom of the car body, and the impact of high-pressure water flow may cause water to penetrate into the battery box and affect insulation, so the chassis should also be avoided.
3. There are many high-voltage devices arranged in the engine room, so it is forbidden to open the engine room cover for washing, otherwise the connectors of the high-voltage components will become damp, resulting in insulation failure of the vehicle and inability to drive.